Male Infertility: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Statistics show that almost 18 -20% of the couples have problems with fertility and approximately half of the cases are due to male fertility issues. Male infertility is attributed to the conditions of the reproductive organs to help attain pregnancy in a fertile woman. It can be due to any underlying medical condition, hormonal variation or inherited disorder. 

 

It is detected when men experience one or more below mentioned signs of male infertility 

·         Problems with ejaculation 

·         Erectile dysfunction

·         Swelling or lump in the testicle area

·         Pain in the testicles

·         Abnormal breast growth or gynecomastia

·         Very less facial or body hair 

·         Sperm count less than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen is a sign of low sperm count or oligospermia.

·         Not producing sperm symptoms or azoospermia

 

 

The above signs of infertility in men or symptoms of infertility in men may be caused due to a variety of medical, environmental and lifestyle factors. Some of the include;

  • Varicocele or enlargement of the veins causing abnormal blood flow within the testicles. 
  • Infections in the reproductive organs are known to impact the sperm production and cause damage to these organs.
  • Infection scarring can block the passage of sperms.
  • Retrograde ejaculation where the semen moves into the bladder instead of moving out of the penis during ejaculation. 
  • Sometimes, testis fail to descend  into the scrotum during development. 
  • Decreased levels of testosterone, and other hormonal imbalances can affect the normal functioning of the testes and sperm integrity.
  • Blockage of tubes including the epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts or urethra.
  • Inherited disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome, cystic fibrosis and Kallmann’s syndrome.
  • High temperatures can disrupt the process of spermatogenesis leading to oligospermia or disrupted sperm morphology. 
  • Stress and other lifestyle indulgences such as smoking, alcohol intake, and certain medications can vary the reproductive hormones causing symptoms of low sperm count and quality.
  • Environmental factors such as exposure to X-rays, radiations from mobile, laptops, can cause an impact on sperm quality and quantity. 

 

Diagnostic analysis for male infertility include semen analysis, urine analysis, hormonal assay, ultrasound, urine analysis post ejaculation, testicular biopsy, sperm function tests, and many more.

After an accurate diagnosis, treatment options for male infertility depend on the underlying conditions. Some of them are mentioned below. Depending on the reason for infertility in men, treatment options include:

  • Surgery for repair and correction of any blockage of the reproductive ducts. 
  • Treatment for infections that include medications.
  • Hormone therapy to stabilize the hormones ensuring adequate production of quality sperms. 
  • Surgical sperm recovery through aspiration techniques like microsurgery TESA ( Testicular sperm Aspiration), PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) and Micro TESE (Microscopic testicular Sperm Extraction) 
  • Assisted reproductive technique (ART) treatments where sperms are retrieved through normal ejaculation or extracted  surgically. The retrieved sperms are then artificially inseminated into the female reproductive tract (IUI). Sometimes, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) can be performed with the retrieved sperms to help attain pregnancy. 

Micro surgical procedures to retrieve sperms, ICSI are some of the latest developments in male infertility treatment that can address most of the fertility concerns in men. IVF Junction connects you to our network of fertility centres who pioneer such advanced procedures helping couples achieve their dream of becoming parents. Our Andrology labs and experts work on every faucet of your concern to help you cherish fatherhood. 

 

 

 

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